Verbs & Present Tense Conjugation

Aorist (geniş zaman): -ir/-er/-ar/-ür

habitual/general present tense

varies

İçerim = I drink (habitually); giderim = I go (in general)

Aorist negative: -mez/-maz

habitual negation

mehz / mahz

İçmem (not içmezim for I) = I don't drink; special first person form

Aorist paradigm: gitmek

to go in habitual/general present

varies

Giderim/gidersin/gider/gideriz/gidersiniz/giderler

Present continuous vs. Aorist contrast

right now vs. in general

varies

İçiyorum = I am drinking (now); içerim = I drink (in general)

Verb stem changes: vowel drop

some stems drop vowel before suffix starting with vowel

varies

Yürümek: yür + ü = yürüyor (continuous); regular pattern

Causative suffix: -(t/dır)mak

make/cause someone to do

varies

İçirmek = to make drink; yaptırmak = to have something done

Reflexive verb suffix: -(i)n

action done to oneself

-(ee)n

Yıkamak (to wash) → yıkanmak (to wash oneself)

Passive suffix: -(i)l or -(i)n

action done to subject by unspecified agent

-(ee)l / -(ee)n

Kitap yazıldı = The book was written (passive); agent unspecified

Reciprocal suffix: -(i)ş

action done mutually

-(ee)sh

Görüşmek = to meet/see each other (from görmek = to see)

Ability suffix: -ebil/-abil

can / to be able to

-eh-beel / -ah-beel

Gidebilirim = I can go; içemem = I cannot drink (negative ability)