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Nouns, Articles & Gender
Turkish nouns, lack of grammatical gender, definiteness via accusative case, noun suffixes
Noun compounds: three types
bare+possessive, genitive+possessive, bare+bare
varies
Çay bardağı / Ahmet'in bardağı / çay kaşığı = three izafet types
Productive diminutive: -cık
smallness, affection, or irony
-juhk
Evcilik (playing house), biraz + cık = birazıcık (just a tiny bit)
Collective and abstract suffixes
-lık/-lik for abstract states and collections
varies
Ağaçlık (grove of trees); arkadaşlık (friendship); yalnızlık (loneliness)
Adjectival suffix: -lı/-li/-lu/-lü
having the quality of / from a place
varies
Akıllı (intelligent = having sense); İstanbullu (from Istanbul)
Adjectival suffix: -sız/-siz/-suz/-süz
without / lacking
varies
Parasız (without money); işsiz (unemployed); anlamsız (meaningless)
Verbal noun: -(y)iş/-(y)ış
manner of doing / act of doing
varies
Gidiş (going/departure); gelişi güzel (haphazardly = in its coming manner)
Agent noun: -ici/-ıcı/-ucu/-ücü
one who does (agent/profession)
varies
Öğretici (instructive/one who teaches); okuyucu (reader); yazıcı (writer/printer)
Verbal adjective: -gin/-kın
resultant state adjective
varies
Yorgun (tired = having been worn out); bitkin (exhausted); bungun (fed up)
Abstract noun: -im/-ım/-um/-üm
result/product of verbal action
varies
Yazım (spelling = act of writing); seçim (election = act of choosing)
Productive suffix combinations
stacking multiple derivational suffixes
varies
Öğretmen + lik = öğretmenlik; güzel + leş + tir + mek = to beautify (causative)