← Back

Adjectives & Adverbs

Adjective placement, comparison, adverb formation, degree words
Scalar adjectives and degree morphology
gradable vs. non-gradable adjectives
varies
Evli (married) is non-gradable; güzel (beautiful) is gradable; degree morphology differs
Reduplication: complete formal analysis
morphological types and semantic effects
varies
m-reduplication: araba maraba = cars and stuff; reduplication for approximation
M-reduplication: X mX pattern
approximative or dismissive reduplication
varies
Kitap mitap = books and such; uniquely Turkish m-copy reduplication
Adjective ordering in NP
semantic factors in adjective order
varies
Turkish adjective order: determiner > quantity > size > shape > color > material > noun
Predicate fronting for focus
adjective or adverb in focus position
varies
GÜZEL bir ev aldım = I bought a BEAUTIFUL house (adjective focused)
Nominal predicates and copula tense
tense in non-verbal sentences across TAM
varies
Doktorum (I am a doctor) / doktorduk (we were doctors) / doktor olacağız (we will be)
Adverbial clauses: typological richness
Turkish converb system in crosslinguistic perspective
varies
Turkish has one of the richest converb systems; 10+ distinct subordinating converbs
Manner adverbs vs. adjunct clauses
distinctions in Turkish adverbial modification
varies
-Erek (by doing) vs. -ken (while doing); subtle aspect and temporal distinctions
Productive vs. lexicalized derivations
which adjective-forming suffixes are productive
varies
-Lı/-li is highly productive; -gin/-kın is largely lexicalized
Turkish spatial language
locative vs. directional expressions
varies
Turkish uses case for basic spatial; elaborate postpositional system for complex spatial