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Negation & Questions

Negation with -me/-ma, question particle mi/mu/mu/mu, question words
Negative polarity items: hiç, hiçbir, asla
NPIs licensed in Turkish
varies
Asla gitmedim = I never went; hiçbir şey = nothing; require negative licensor
Free choice items: herhangi bir
any in free choice contexts
varies
Herhangi bir kitap okuyabilirsin = You can read any book; modal context licenses FCI
Scope interactions: negation and quantifiers
quantifier scope ambiguities
varies
Herkes gitmiyor = Not everyone is going (surface) / Everyone is not going (wide neg)
Neg-raising in Turkish
negation raised from embedded to matrix clause
varies
Gelmeyeceğini düşünüyorum = I think he won't come (neg-raised from embedded)
Interrogative morphology and pragmatics
questions beyond ba/mi particle
varies
Intonation questions; wh-questions; rhetorical and echo questions in Turkish
Polarity in conditional sentences
licensing of polarity items in conditionals
varies
Eğer hiç görürsen... = If you ever see... (hiç licensed in conditional antecedent)
Negation in nominal predicates: değil vs. -me
two negation strategies for two predicate types
varies
Değil negates nominal/adjectival predicates; -me negates verbal predicates
Presupposition projection through negation
which presuppositions survive negation
varies
Evlendim vs. evlenmedim -- both presuppose bachelor status before marriage
Focus and negation: interaction effects
what is negated affects what is asserted
varies
Ahmet'i görmedim (I didn't see Ahmet) vs. AHMET'i görmedim (not Ahmet I saw)
Historical development of Turkish negation
origins of -me suffix and değil
varies
Proto-Turkic *-mA negation; değil from değ- (to touch/not touch metaphor)