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The Seven Cases

Ukrainian case system: nominative through vocative
Називний: книга
Nominative: book
nazyvnyi: knyha
Case 1 — the subject; answers хто?/що?
Родовий: книги
Genitive: of a book
rodovyi: knyhy
Case 2 — possession, absence; answers кого?/чого?
Давальний: книзі
Dative: to a book
davalnyi: knyzi
Case 3 — indirect object; answers кому?/чому?
Знахідний: книгу
Accusative: book (object)
znakhidnyi: knyhu
Case 4 — direct object; answers кого?/що?
Орудний: книгою
Instrumental: with a book
orudnyi: knyhoyu
Case 5 — means/instrument; answers ким?/чим?
Місцевий: на книзі
Locative: on a book
mistsevyi: na knyzi
Case 6 — location; always used with a preposition
Кличний: книго!
Vocative: O book!
klychnyi: knyho!
Case 7 — direct address; a feature Ukrainian kept that Russian lost
у школі
in school
u shkoli
Locative after у/в (in)
з другом
with a friend
z druhom
Instrumental after з (with)
Мамо!
Mom! (calling)
mamo!
Vocative form used to address someone directly