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Pronouns & Sentence Structure

Personal and attached pronouns, and nominal versus verbal sentences.
كَتَبَ الوَلَدُ
the boy wrote
kataba al-waladu
A verbal sentence; the verb comes first
يَكْتُبُ الطَّالِبُ
the student writes
yaktubu at-taalibu
Verb then subject order
أَكَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ التُّفَّاحَةَ
Muhammad ate the apple
akala muhammadun at-tuffaahata
Verb, subject, object
الطَّالِبُ يَكْتُبُ
the student writes
at-taalibu yaktubu
Topic-first nominal style
هَذَا الكِتَابُ
this book
haadhaa al-kitaabu
A demonstrative with a definite noun
تِلْكَ المَدِينَةُ
that city
tilka al-madiinatu
Far demonstrative, feminine
مَنْ أَنْتَ
who are you
man anta
The interrogative pronoun man
مَا هَذَا
what is this
maa haadhaa
The interrogative maa, for non-human
الَّذِي
who/which (m)
alladhii
Relative pronoun, masculine
الَّتِي
who/which (f)
allatii
Relative pronoun, feminine