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Verbs & Present Tense

The present tense (al-mudari'), its conjugation, moods and uses.
سَيَكْتُبُ
he will write
sayaktubu
The prefix sa- marks the near future
سَوْفَ يَكْتُبُ
he will write
sawfa yaktubu
sawfa marks the future
لَنْ يَكْتُبَ
he will not write
lan yaktuba
lan negates the future and takes the subjunctive
أَنْ يَكْتُبَ
to write
an yaktuba
an plus subjunctive forms a noun clause
لِكَيْ يَنْجَحَ
so that he succeeds
likay yanjaha
A purpose clause with the subjunctive
لَمْ يَكْتُبْ
he did not write
lam yaktub
lam plus jussive negates the past
لِيَكْتُبْ
let him write
liyaktub
The lam of command with the jussive
لَا تَكْتُبْ
do not write
laa taktub
Prohibition with the jussive
اُكْتُبْ
write!
uktub
The imperative form
يَجِبُ أَنْ يَدْرُسَ
he must study
yajibu an yadrusa
Necessity with an plus subjunctive