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Prepositions & Case Endings

Prepositions, the genitive, and the system of case endings (i'rab).
الرَّفْع
nominative
ar-raf'
The subject's case, usually marked by damma
النَّصْب
accusative
an-nasb
The object's case, usually marked by fatha
الجَرّ
genitive
al-jarr
The case after prepositions, usually marked by kasra
جَاءَ الطَّالِبُ
the student came
jaa'a at-taalibu
Subject in the nominative
رَأَيْتُ الطَّالِبَ
I saw the student
ra'aytu at-taaliba
Object in the accusative
مَرَرْتُ بِالطَّالِبِ
I passed by the student
marartu bi-at-taalibi
Genitive after a preposition
المَفْعُولُ بِهِ
the direct object
al-maf'uulu bihi
A sentence element in the accusative
الفَاعِل
the doer
al-faa'il
The subject of a verbal sentence
المُبْتَدَأ
the topic
al-mubtada'
The subject of a nominal sentence
الخَبَر
the predicate
al-khabar
What is said about the topic