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Past Tense & Verb Forms

The past tense (al-madi), its conjugation and the derived verb forms.
اِنْكَسَرَ
it broke
inkasara
Form seven, with a passive sense
اِجْتَمَعَ
they gathered
ijtama'a
Form eight, reflexive
اِحْمَرَّ
it turned red
ihmarra
Form nine, for colors and defects
اِسْتَخْرَجَ
he extracted
istakhraja
Form ten, for seeking
اِسْتَقْبَلَ
he welcomed
istaqbala
Form ten
قَدْ كَتَبَ
he has written
qad kataba
qad before the past gives a perfect sense
كَانَ قَدْ كَتَبَ
he had written
kaana qad kataba
The past perfect, with kana qad
مَا زَالَ يَكْتُبُ
he is still writing
maa zaala yaktubu
Continuous aspect
المَصْدَر
the verbal noun
al-masdar
Each verb form has its own masdar pattern
اِسْمُ المَفْعُول
the passive participle
ism al-maf'uul
The noun of the thing acted upon