Adjectives & Adverbs

-ed adjectives: feelings caused by something

I am bored / She is excited / We are tired / He is confused

-ing adjectives: what causes a feeling

The film is boring / The news is exciting / It's exhausting work

-ed vs -ing contrast

I am bored (feeling) / The lesson is boring (causing the feeling)

Participial phrases

Walking along the street, she noticed the sign / Having finished, he left

Adverbs of degree: slightly / fairly / rather

slightly tired, fairly good, rather strange — for gradable adjectives

Adverbs of degree: completely / entirely / totally

completely wrong, entirely different, totally agree — for non-gradable

Stance adverbs

Apparently she left / Clearly he didn't know / Surprisingly it worked

Viewpoint adverbs

Personally, I disagree / Technically, you're right / Frankly, it's a mess

Inversion after negative adverbs

Rarely do I agree with that / Never have I seen / Seldom does she complain

so + adjective / such + noun phrase

It's so cold! / It was such a cold day! / She's so kind / What a nice day!