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Aspect & Time Markers

sudah, sedang, akan, belum, pernah and how time is expressed without verb conjugation
sudah + kata kerja
completed action marker (already)
SOO-dah
Saya sudah makan. = I have eaten.
sedang + kata kerja
ongoing action marker
suh-DANG
Saya sedang makan. = I am eating.
akan + kata kerja
future marker
AH-kan
Saya akan makan. = I will eat.
belum
not yet
buh-LOOM
Saya belum makan. = I haven't eaten yet.
baru + kata kerja
"just" (recent past)
BAH-roo
Saya baru makan. = I just ate.
pernah
"ever/have [done] before"
PUHR-nah
Saya pernah ke Bali. = I've been to Bali before.
tidak pernah
never
TEE-dak PUHR-nah
Combines negation with "ever"
sedang vs sudah
ongoing vs completed
-
Two clearly distinct aspect markers
akan segera
"about to" (imminent future)
AH-kan suh-GEH-ra
Adds immediacy to the plain future marker
kemarin + kata kerja
yesterday + verb (time word shows tense)
kuh-MAH-rin
A time word alone can replace an aspect particle