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Negation & Questions
tidak vs bukan, question words and the -kah question particle
Apakah kamu lapar?
Are you hungry? (question with -kah particle)
AH-pa-kah KAH-moo LAH-par
-kah adds a more formal question marker
-kah opsional/formal
-kah is optional and more formal
-
Casual speech usually skips it and just uses rising intonation
...bukan?
...right? (tag question)
BOO-kan
Added at the end of a sentence to seek confirmation
belum
not yet (distinct from tidak/bukan)
buh-LOOM
Saya belum makan. = I haven't eaten yet.
bagaimana
how
bah-guy-MAH-na
Asks about manner or condition
berapa
how much/how many
buh-RAH-pa
Berapa harganya? = How much does it cost?
yang mana
which (one)
yahng MAH-na
Yang mana punya kamu? = Which one is yours?
jangan
don't (negative imperative)
JAHNG-an
Jangan pergi! = Don't go!
tidak pernah
never
TEE-dak PUHR-nah
Combines simple negation with "ever"
tidak ada
there isn't/there aren't (negating existence)
TEE-dak AH-da
Negates the existence of something rather than an action