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Aspect & Time Markers

sudah, sedang, akan, belum, pernah and how time is expressed without verb conjugation
sudah...belum?
"have you already...?" (perfective question frame)
-
Sudah makan belum? = Have you eaten yet?
masih
"still" (continuation)
MAH-see
Saya masih makan. = I'm still eating.
lagi
"again" or colloquial equivalent of sedang
LAH-gee
Regionally/casually can mean "currently doing"
sering/biasanya
often/usually (habitual aspect)
SUH-ring / bee-AH-sa-nya
Mark habitual or repeated actions
lalu/kemudian
then/after that (narrative sequencing)
LAH-loo / kuh-MOO-dee-an
Link successive events in a story
selesai
to finish (resultative marker after a verb)
suh-luh-SIGH
makan sampai selesai = eat until finished
hampir
"almost" (near-completion aspect)
HAM-pir
hampir selesai = almost finished
setiap kali
"every time/whenever" (habitual clauses)
suh-tee-AP KAH-lee
Introduces recurring situations
saat itu/waktu itu
"at that time" (past reference point)
sa-AT EE-too / WAK-too EE-too
Anchors a narrative to a specific past moment
sejak
"since" (marking a starting point in time)
SUH-jak
sejak kecil = since childhood