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Prepositions, Conjunctions & Complex Sentences

Prepositions, conjunctions, the relative particle yang and subordinate clause structure
baik...maupun, tidak hanya...tetapi juga
correlative conjunctions
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both...and; not only...but also
meskipun, walaupun, biarpun
concessive clauses vs main-clause tetapi
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Several near-synonymous ways to introduce a concession
supaya/agar
purpose clauses: in order to
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belajar keras supaya lulus = study hard in order to pass
sehingga, sampai-sampai
result clauses: so that/to the point that
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Introduce a strong or surprising consequence
karena, sebab, oleh karena
causal clauses: nuances between them
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Subtle differences in formality and directness of causation
yang across grammatical roles
the relative marker yang across subject/object/possessor
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yang can relativize many different grammatical roles
Ujaran tak langsung tanpa pergeseran tense
Reported speech and the lack of tense backshift
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The original verb form is generally preserved when reporting
kalau/jika...maka: real, hipotetis, kontrafaktual
conditional types: real, hypothetical, counterfactual
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kalau...maka covers a wide range of conditional meanings
yang untuk nominalisasi/penekanan
yang used for nominalization/emphasis beyond relative clauses
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yang besar = "the big one," turning an adjective into a noun phrase
Klausa pasif di- dikombinasikan dengan subordinasi
Passive di- clauses combined with subordination
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Passive voice can appear inside more complex subordinate structures