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Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure

Personal pronouns, formality levels, SVO word order and possession by juxtaposition
Sosiolinguistik sistem kata ganti/sapaan Indonesia
Sociolinguistics of the Indonesian pronoun/address system
hierarchy and politeness
The system encodes and enforces social hierarchy in everyday talk
Perkembangan historis kata ganti Melayu ke Indonesia
Historical development of Malay pronouns into modern Indonesian
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Today's pronoun set evolved from older Malay forms
Pragmatik penghindaran kata ganti
Pragmatics of pronoun avoidance and indirect reference
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Avoiding direct pronouns is itself a meaningful social strategy
Jalur gramatikalisasi -nya
The grammaticalization path of -nya
possessive suffix → general definite marker
A single suffix's function has broadened significantly over time
Sistem kata ganti Austronesia komparatif
Comparative Austronesian pronoun systems
Indonesian, Tagalog, Malagasy
Related but structurally distinct pronoun inventories
Deiksis persona dan hierarki sosial pengaruh Jawa
Person deixis and Javanese-influenced social hierarchy
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Javanese speech-level concepts have shaped Indonesian usage norms
Variasi regional: baku vs Jakarta vs Melayu daerah
Regional variation: standard vs colloquial Jakarta vs regional Malay
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Multiple coexisting norms for pronoun and address term choice
Pergeseran istilah sapaan pada generasi muda urban
Address term shifts in modern urban youth speech
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Younger speakers are innovating new, less hierarchical patterns
Tantangan resolusi kata ganti dalam NLP Indonesia
Computational pronoun resolution challenges in Indonesian NLP
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Context-dependent pronoun choice is difficult for automated systems
Studi korpus frekuensi kata ganti/sapaan per register
Corpus-based study of pronoun/address term frequency by register
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Data-driven view of how usage shifts across formal and casual text