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Verb Affixes & Voice (me-, ber-, di-)

Productive prefixes and suffixes that build verbs, and the active/passive voice system
Indonesia sebagai bahasa bersuara simetris (Austronesia)
Indonesian as a symmetrical voice (Austronesian alignment) language
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Voice marking, not just active/passive, structures the whole clause
Status teoretis me-/di- sebagai penanda suara vs transitivitas
Theoretical status of me-/di- as voice markers vs transitivity markers
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Linguists debate exactly what grammatical work these prefixes do
Aturan morfofonologis asimilasi nasal me-
Morphophonological rules governing me- nasal assimilation
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A systematic sound-change process underlies the prefix's many forms
Asal-usul diakronis afiks Indonesia dari Proto-Austronesia
Diachronic origin of Indonesian affixes from Proto-Austronesian
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These affixes trace back thousands of years in the language family
Sistem suara Austronesia komparatif
Comparative Austronesian voice systems
Indonesian, Tagalog, Malagasy
Related languages show parallel but structurally distinct voice systems
Variasi register: afiksasi penuh vs penghilangan afiks
Register variation: full affixation vs affix-dropping
formal vs colloquial
Formality level strongly predicts how "complete" the morphology is
Morfologi pengubah valensi: kausatif, aplikatif
Valency-changing morphology: causative, applicative, and interactions
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These processes interact in complex, sometimes stacked ways
Sistem nominalisasi pe-/-an: teori morfologi derivasional
The pe-/-an nominalization system: derivational morphology theory
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A productive system for turning verbs into agent and result nouns
Segmentasi morfologi komputasional (stemming)
Computational morphological segmentation for Indonesian NLP
stemming affixed words
Automatically stripping affixes is a core NLP preprocessing task
Frekuensi korpus suara aktif vs pasif per register
Corpus-based frequency of active vs passive voice across registers
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Data shows how voice choice shifts between formal and casual text