← Back

Aspect & Time Markers

sudah, sedang, akan, belum, pernah and how time is expressed without verb conjugation
Sistem TAM Indonesia berbasis aspek/modus, bukan tense
Indonesian TAM as fundamentally aspect/mood-based, not tense-based
-
A defining typological trait shared with many Austronesian languages
Jalur gramatikalisasi: sudah, akan
Grammaticalization pathways: sudah (from "finished"), akan (from intention)
-
Today's particles trace back to concrete lexical sources
Status teoretis partikel aspek Indonesia
Theoretical status of Indonesian aspect particles
auxiliaries vs adverbs
Linguists debate how best to classify these function words
Tipologi TAM komparatif lintas Austronesia
Comparative TAM typology across Austronesian languages
-
Shared and divergent strategies for marking time and aspect regionally
Interaksi partikel aspek dengan sistem suara/afiksasi
Interaction between aspect particles and voice/affixation system
-
Aspect marking and voice marking can interact in intricate ways
Penandaan nol dan inferensi tense berbasis pragmatik
Zero-marking and context-based tense inference
pragmatic theory
Much temporal meaning is inferred rather than explicitly marked
Sumber diakronis penanda aspek dalam Melayu Kuno
Diachronic sources of aspect markers in Old Malay
-
Historical linguistics traces these markers to older forms
Variasi register: penandaan aspek sastra/formal vs santai
Register variation: literary/formal vs colloquial aspect marking
-
Written and spoken Indonesian sometimes favor different strategies
Penandaan tense-aspek komputasional untuk NLP Indonesia
Computational tense-aspect tagging for Indonesian NLP systems
-
A challenging task given reliance on particles and context
Frekuensi dan kookurensi korpus partikel TAM
Corpus-based frequency and co-occurrence patterns of TAM particles
-
Data-driven insight into how these particles pattern together