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Negation & Questions
không vs chưa, question particles and word order in questions
có...không như khung câu hỏi trung lập
có...không as a neutral question frame
vs biased questions
This frame doesn't presuppose a particular answer
đã...chưa?
"Have you already...?" (perfective question frame)
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Specifically asks about completion of an action
Phạm vi phủ định với tiểu từ thể
Negation scope with aspect markers
chưa vs không đã
Different negators interact differently with aspect particles
Không có phủ định kép
No double negation required
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Unlike some languages, one negator is sufficient in Vietnamese
không hề, không bao giờ
emphatic negation: not at all, never
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Strengthened forms of simple negation
A hay B?
alternative questions: A or B?
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Presents the listener with a direct choice between two options
Câu hỏi tu từ/lặp lại với tiểu từ cuối câu
Rhetorical/echo questions with sentence-final particles
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Particles shape whether a question seeks information or makes a point
đâu (có)
emphatic negation particle (colloquial)
doh (kaw)
Adds a strong "not at all" flavor in casual speech
Từ hỏi giữ nguyên vị trí (in-situ)
Question word placement stays in-situ
no fronting
Unlike English, question words don't move to the front
Tiểu từ lịch sự ạ/nhé/nha định hình sắc thái câu hỏi
Politeness particles shaping question tone
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Small final particles carry a surprising amount of social nuance