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Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure
Personal pronouns, strict verb-second (V2) word order and basic questions
Fullständig V2-restriktion
The full V2 constraint: verb always second constituent
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True regardless of what element occupies first position
Bisatsordföljd skiljer sig
Subordinate clause word order differs: no V2
inte comes before the verb
A key structural difference from main clauses
sin/sitt/sina vs hans/hennes
reflexive vs non-reflexive third-person possessive
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Choosing correctly depends on whether the possessor is the subject
Objektspronomen med partikelverb
Object pronoun placement with particle verbs
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Pronoun placement can shift around a verb's particle
Det finns en bok.
existential det: There is a book.
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det introduces existence without referring to anything specific
Formellt/dummy-subjekt det
Formal/dummy subject det in impersonal constructions
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Det regnar. = It's raining — det has no real referent
Topikalisering med bibehållen V2
Topicalization: fronting objects/adverbials while keeping V2
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Almost anything can be fronted, but the verb must stay second
som
relative pronoun (invariable, most common)
som
The default, simplest relative pronoun
vilken/vilket/vilka
which (agrees with gender/number)
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A more formal alternative relative/question pronoun
Inget pro-drop i svenska
Pro-drop is NOT allowed in Swedish (unlike Greek)
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Subjects must always be explicitly stated