Prepositions, Conjunctions & Complex Sentences

både...och, varken...eller

correlative conjunctions

both...and; neither...nor

fastän, även om, trots att

concessive clauses: although

Several near-synonymous ways to introduce a concession

för att

purpose clauses: in order to

Introduces the goal of the main clause's action

så att

result clauses: so that

Introduces the consequence of the main clause

eftersom vs för att vs då

causal clauses: nuances between them

Subtle differences in formality and logical relationship

vilken/vilket/vilka i formella bisatser

the formal relative pronoun for complex relative clauses

A more formal alternative to som

Indirekt tal och modusbevarande

reported speech and mood retention in indirect speech

Swedish typically preserves the original mood when reporting

Villkorstyper: real, potentiell, orealistisk

conditional types: real, potential, unreal

om + present/preteritum/pluperfect

Three structural patterns cover different degrees of likelihood

Particip-satser som ersätter bisatser

participial clauses replacing subordinate structures

A compact, more literary way to express a subordinate idea

Passiv: -s och bli-former med av

passive voice: -s and bli-passive forms with the agent marked by av

av introduces who or what performs the passive action