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Causative Verbs

करना → कराना → करवाना

First causative: 'cause to do'

Often formed with an inserted -ā-.

📊 Causatives (root करना)
Form Meaning Example
base do करना (karnā)
1st causative get done कराना (karānā)
2nd causative have done (via another) करवाना (karvānā)
💬 Examples
पढ़ना → पढ़ाना
paṛhnā → paṛhānā
to read → to teach (cause to read)
📝 First causative
खाना → खिलाना
khānā → khilānā
to eat → to feed
📝 Cause to eat = feed
Second causative: 'have it done'

The -vā- form (action through an intermediary).

💬 Examples
पढ़ाना → पढ़वाना
paṛhānā → paṛhvānā
to teach → to have taught
📝 Second causative (-vā-)
बनवाना
banvānā
to have (something) made
📝 बनाना → बनवाना
The intermediary takes से

'By / through someone'.

💬 Examples
मैंने दर्ज़ी से कमीज़ बनवाई
maiṃne darzī se kamīz banvāī
I had a shirt made by the tailor
📝 से = by (the causee)
माँ ने बच्चे को खाना खिलाया
māṃ ne bachche ko khānā khilāyā
Mother fed the child
📝 Causative खिलाना in use