Irregular internal plurals
Many nouns form their plural by reshaping the word internally rather than adding a suffix.
| Singular | Plural | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| قلم | أقلام | af'aal |
| مدينة | مُدُن | fu'ul |
| رجل | رِجال | fi'aal |
| كتاب | كُتُب | fu'ul |
There is no single rule; the plural pattern is learned with each word.
Like sound plurals of things, broken plurals of non-humans agree as feminine singular.