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Ḥāl and Tamyīz

Circumstantial accusative and specification

Ḥāl describes a state

The حال is an indefinite accusative describing the condition of the subject during the action.

💬 Examples
جاءَ الوَلَدُ ضاحِكاً
jaa'a al-waladu ḍaaḥikan
The boy came laughing
📝 ضاحكا = ḥāl, accusative
شَرِبتُ القَهوةَ ساخِنةً
sharibtu al-qahwata saakhinatan
I drank the coffee hot
📝 State of the object
Tamyīz specifies

The تمييز is an indefinite accusative that clarifies an ambiguous amount or quality.

💬 Examples
اشتَرَيتُ كيلو سُكَّراً
ishtaraytu kiilu sukkaran
I bought a kilo of sugar
📝 سكرا specifies the kilo
ازدادَ الطالِبُ عِلماً
izdaada aṭ-ṭaalibu 'ilman
The student increased in knowledge
📝 علما = tamyīz
Both are always indefinite accusative

Ḥāl and tamyīz are both consistently indefinite and in the accusative case.

💬 Examples
وَقَفَ الجُنديُّ مُنتَصِباً
waqafa al-jundiyyu muntaṣiban
The soldier stood upright
📝 ḥāl accusative
امتَلأَ الكوبُ ماءً
imtala'a al-kuubu maa'an
The cup filled with water
📝 ماءً = tamyīz