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Intermediate

Enclitic Particles

na, pa, ba, po, lang ...

Little particles add meaning and politeness

na, pa, ba, daw, po, naman, lang, din.

📊 Common particles
Particle Meaning Example
na already, now tapos na
pa still, yet kumain pa
ba yes/no question totoo ba?
po / ho politeness salamat po
lang just, only ako lang
daw / raw reportedly aalis daw
💬 Examples
Tapos na.
(It's) done now / already.
📝 na = already / now
Hindi pa.
Not yet.
📝 pa = still / yet
po / ho mark politeness / respect

Added when speaking to elders or superiors.

💬 Examples
Salamat po.
Thank you (respectfully).
📝 po = polite particle
Opo.
Yes (respectful).
📝 opo = polite 'yes'
Particles cluster after the first word

And follow a fixed order.

💬 Examples
Kumain ka na ba?
Have you eaten already?
📝 Cluster: na + ba after the verb + pronoun
Wala na po.
There's none left (polite).
📝 na + po cluster