The ng sound, clear vowels, stress
Predicate-first
The core marker system
The focus pronouns
Markers for names
ito / iyan / iyon
ma- and the linker
may, mayroon, wala
ba and question words
Native and Spanish-derived
The other two pronoun sets
ng / ni and the sa-set
Connecting modifiers
The affix shows what is in focus
mag- and -um-
Completed / incompleted / contemplated
-in (and i-)
-an and i-
na, pa, ba, po, lang ...
hindi, wala, huwag
Choosing the trigger
Reduplication patterns
gusto, ayaw, kaya, dapat
Modifying with na / -ng
pa- verbs
maka- and ma-
mas, pinaka-, kasing-
The enclitic sequence
kung, kapag, noong, habang
po/ho and softening particles
