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po/ho and softening particles

po / ho show respect throughout the sentence

Added to soften and honour.

💬 Examples
Kumain na po kayo?
Have you eaten? (respectful)
📝 po + plural 'kayo' for respect
Hindi po.
No (respectful).
📝 po with a negative
Use plural kayo / sila for one respected person

Like a polite 'you'.

📊 Politeness
Device Use Example
po / ho respect particle salamat po
kayo / sila polite 'you' / 'he-she' kumusta po kayo
opo / oho polite 'yes' opo
💬 Examples
Kumusta po kayo?
How are you? (polite)
📝 kayo = polite singular 'you'
Sila po ang guro namin.
He/She (respectfully) is our teacher.
📝 sila for a respected individual
Other particles soften or colour the tone

naman, kasi, nga, sana.

💬 Examples
Pakitulong naman.
Please do help.
📝 naman softens a request
Sana umulan.
I hope it rains.
📝 sana = hopefully / I wish