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Linkers & Relative Clauses

Modifying with na / -ng

na / -ng links a clause to a noun (relative clause)

'the X that ...'.

💬 Examples
ang taong kumain
the person who ate
📝 tao + -ng + (clause) kumain
ang librong binasa ko
the book that I read
📝 libro + -ng + binasa ko
The relative clause uses the matching focus

The shared noun is the focus inside.

📊 Relative clauses (via linker)
Head noun's role Focus used Example
doer actor taong kumain
object object pagkaing kinain
place locative bahay na tinirhan
💬 Examples
ang lalaking bumili ng kotse
the man who bought a car
📝 Actor focus inside (he is the doer)
ang kotseng binili ng lalaki
the car that the man bought
📝 Object focus inside (car is the object)
The linker also stacks modifiers

Multiple descriptions in a row.

💬 Examples
magandang malaking bahay
a beautiful big house
📝 Linked chain of adjectives
ang batang matalino at mabait
the smart and kind child
📝 Linked clause + conjunction