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Relative Pronouns – qui que dont où

Use the relative pronouns qui que dont and où to link clauses and avoid repetition.
Relative pronouns link a subordinate clause to a main clause and replace a repeated noun.
Relative pronouns connect clauses and avoid repetition.
Le livre que je lis est intéressant
Qui is the subject relative pronoun meaning who or which. It replaces the subject of the relative clause.
Qui = who/which (subject of the clause).
L'homme qui parle est mon père = The man who is speaking is my father
Que is the direct object relative pronoun meaning whom or which. It replaces the direct object.
Que = whom/which (direct object of the clause).
Le livre que je lis = The book (that/which) I am reading
Que contracts to qu' before a vowel or silent h.
Que → qu' before vowel or silent h.
L'ami qu'elle aime / Le film qu'on regarde
Dont replaces de + noun. It is used after verbs and adjectives that take de.
Dont = of which / whose / about which (replaces de + noun).
Le livre dont j'ai besoin = The book I need (avoir besoin de)
Dont is also used to express possession meaning whose in English.
Dont = whose (possession).
L'homme dont la fille est médecin = The man whose daughter is a doctor
Où replaces a place or time expression. It means where or when.
Où = where / when (replaces place or time).
La ville où j'habite = The town where I live / Le jour où il est arrivé
After a preposition use lequel laquelle lesquels lesquelles (which) for things.
Lequel etc. = which after a preposition (for things).
La table sur laquelle il écrit = The table on which he writes
After a preposition use qui for people.
Qui after preposition = about/with/for whom (for people).
L'ami avec qui je voyage = The friend with whom I travel
Ce qui / ce que / ce dont = what (referring to a whole idea not a specific noun). Ce qui is subject ce que is object.
Ce qui / ce que / ce dont = what (referring to an idea).
Ce qui m'intéresse... / Ce que tu dis... / Ce dont j'ai besoin...